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2025 China Fellowship
Rising Tides, Resilient Lives: Reimagining Vulnerable Communities in the River Deltas of Kampung Melayu, Jakarta

This research explores strategies to mitigate urbanization’s impacts in flood-prone areas, focusing on Kampung Melayu, Jakarta. It proposes a community center and modular, water-resilient shelters to address population density, social and economic vulnerabilities, flood resilience, and water security, aiming for holistic community development balancing environmental, social, and economic needs.

Hao Chang
Tsinghua University
School of Architecture

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Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 01

Reclaiming the Negative Space: A Civic Ecosystem for Kampung Melayu, Jakarta. Amid Jakarta’s escalating flood crises and shrinking public space, the project reimagines the underutilized void beneath railway viaducts along the Ciliwung River. The rendering envisions a vibrant civic ecosystem where modular architecture and ecological sensitivity converge—transforming a flood-prone threshold into a resilient urban commons centered on community care and environmental justice. © Hao Chang.

Jury
Brian Lee (Chair)
Inho Rhee
Huang Wenjing

In cities like Jakarta, population density has created immense pressure on both the built environment and natural water systems. Kampung Melayu’s location along the Ciliwung River makes it highly susceptible to flooding, a problem exacerbated by land subsidence and poor drainage infrastructure. The informal nature of the settlement has made it difficult to implement effective water management solutions, further compounding the community’s vulnerability to flooding.

Urban expansion into flood-prone zones has led to the destruction of natural floodplains, leaving cities like Jakarta with few mechanisms to manage excess water. In addition to flooding, Jakarta faces issues such as water scarcity due to over-extraction of groundwater and contamination from untreated wastewater. The city’s approach to managing informal settlements, including policies like the Normalization Policy, which attempts to relocate people from flood zones, often fails to address the root causes of these issues and neglects the social, economic, and cultural needs of affected communities.

Through this research, I aim to provide an integrated solution that combines a community center with water-resilient modular housing. These spaces will not only provide immediate relief from flooding but also serve as hubs for local engagement in water management and urban planning, creating opportunities for economic growth, skills development, and community empowerment.

Global Risk, Local Response: Why Jakarta? The analytical diagram maps global informal settlements by elevation and environmental risk, highlighting flood-prone zones as the most vulnerable. Jakarta, marked in red, stands at the confluence of land subsidence, dense urbanization, and rising waters. Its riverine context offers a critical site to prototype adaptive, community-based design strategies that respond to the climate crisis. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 02

Impact and Significance of the Research

This research aims to develop a scalable, adaptable model for flood-resilient, water-secure communities in urban informal settlements. By testing assumptions through real-world examples, it combines architectural design, ecological restoration, and community-based water management to empower residents to adapt to climate change and improve living conditions. The project will provide a framework for addressing not only immediate water security challenges but also long-term economic and social stability in informal settlements worldwide.

Receiving the China Fellowship is a meaningful honor and a pivotal step in my academic and professional journey. It affirms the importance of exploring resilient design approaches for flood-prone communities shaped by environmental and social vulnerability. This support enables me to deepen my research into modular, adaptable architectural solutions that uphold dignity, safety, and sustainability for underserved populations. With the backing of the SOM Foundation, I am better equipped to move from conceptual inquiry to tangible, community-centered outcomes, using architecture as a tool for ecological justice and water resilience. This recognition strengthens my commitment to creating inclusive environments that empower vulnerable communities and respond proactively to the realities of a changing climate.
Hao Chang

Living with Water: A Dual-Season Masterplan. The site plan presents a modular, seasonally adaptive framework for Kampung Melayu. During dry seasons, spaces under the viaduct host markets, clinics, and prayer rooms, while integrated wetlands restore damaged ecologies. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 03

Living with Water: A Dual-Season Masterplan. In flood season, elevated floors convert into shelters with raft docks, potable water, and food reserves. The design fosters everyday function and emergency resilience through flexible, community-driven infrastructure. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 04

This research proposal elaborates on strong studio work regarding water resiliency in flood-prone, underserved South Asian communities. The jury appreciated how the proposal looks to several regional examples of technical, policy driven, and community-based responses to water management strategies and scalable design initiatives to restore degraded environments and improve the quality of life in vulnerable neighborhoods.
Brian Lee, Juror

Architecture Across Seasons: Section Through Daily Life. The elevation illustrates a spatial choreography of survival and solidarity. Communal life flourishes beneath the viaduct in dry months, while elevated floors become sanctuaries during floods. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 05

Architecture Across Seasons: Section Through Daily Life. Telescopic foundations and multifunctional programs facilitate seamless transformation, positioning architecture as not only an emergency shelter but also a platform for dignity, care, and collective resilience during crises. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 06

Waterscapes of Care: Landscape as Infrastructure. The sectional perspective showcases an integrated water-sensitive landscape design. Systems for rainwater harvesting, grey water recycling, and vegetated filtration create a self-sustaining hydrological loop. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 07

Waterscapes of Care: Landscape as Infrastructure. Here, landscape acts as civic infrastructure—linking rescue docks, food networks, and community farms. It not only mitigates flood risks but also regenerates the Ciliwung River’s edge as a space of productivity, adaptation, and renewal. © Hao Chang.

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang proposal 08

Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, and Thailand

Somf 2025 china fellowship hao chang headshot

Hao Chang
Tsinghua University
School of Architecture

Hao Chang

is a fourth-year Bachelor of Architecture student at Tsinghua University, with extensive academic and internship experience across Taipei, Beijing, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. Motivated by the environmental challenges of his hometown, he believes architecture must respond to both tangible and intangible aspects of our surroundings. Dedicated to bridging cultural heritage and contemporary practice, Hao aspires to design environments that are not only functional and sustainable but also socially conscious. His work explores resilience in the face of climate change, offering innovative strategies that align ecological integrity with community wellbeing. Hao envisions an architectural approach that harmonizes sustainability, social impact, and cultural context, creating enduring value for both people and place.

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