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2016 Traveling Fellowship for Architecture, Design, and Urban Design
An Immersive Catalog of Housing Systems

For her independent research topic, “An Immersive Catalogue of Housing Systems,” Lindsey Wikstrom visited key architectural sites in Asia, Europe, and North America where, “the living environment is a product of a convergence of markets, demand, and social vitality.” The report is a comprehensive visual catalog of the systems, occupants, and typologies. Interviews with individuals who have critically engaged in rethinking the role of domestic space and urban housing, along with occupant interviews, are an “immersive experience,” providing a “tangible cross-cultural basis to speculate on the history and viability of distinct forms of housing.”

Lindsey Wikstrom
Columbia University
Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation

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Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom la muralla roja ricardo bofill

La Muralla Roja, shared courtyard, by Ricardo Bofill. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Jury
Roger Duffy (Chair)
Karen Fairbanks
Julie V. Iovine
Hilary Sample

The following research aims to investigate urban housing projects where seriality is intentionally rejected in favor of resilience. The sites have been chosen based on their ability to offer new ways of sustaining the economic, social, or ecological aspects of living in cities. To create a publication that can be viewed by all, immersive representation will bring the viewer into the greater web of events, dramas, textures, and struggles behind these forms of housing.

In The Human Condition, Hannah Arendt frames productive society using two Greek spatial concepts, oikos and polis, whereby the management of the household is conceived as separate from, but inextricably linked to, the world of work, labor, and politics. [1] However, urban housing has historically been a political tool. Governments have deployed forms of housing, both in the regulatory and constructed sense, as an instrument for the institutionalization of gender, the standardization of movement of the body, and surveillance. And on the other hand, urban housing is appropriated as a political tool for citizens. In cities, housing can be understood as an act of occupation.

With the extreme rise in access to information, and our cultural redefinitions of gender, family, and work structures, the binary of oikos and polis has deteriorated. To occupy is both “to temporarily own” and “to advance upon,” in both space and time. [2] In cities, where the power of property ownership is rare, occupation describes the temporality of ownership, expanding across the political, social, and juridical roles of urban housing. Occupancy suggests a distinctive urban state in which the spatial experience of the household is a determining factor in a citizen’s political position; and relation to biopolitics, economy, and the potential for mobility. Widespread withdrawal of state support for housing initiatives since the 1980s and an increase in global emphasis on private development have escalated the occupation crisis.

Considering these events, architecture that is both socially and environmentally resilient is essential. To interrogate the value of physical public space within a traditionally domestic sphere, the travel research targets architecture that is characterized by an interplay of actors, where the notion of a self-contained unit is rejected in favor of a collective network, where places and spaces act less as an aggregation of isolated rooms and more as an evolving product of engagement, and where everyday life becomes the product of a gradient between the individual, the collective, and the city.

Bouca Courtyard by Alvaro Siza. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom bouca courtyard alvaro siza

Those who believe that everyone has a right to the city, know they are surrounded by an opposing viewpoint that you must buy your place in the city. The ideological difference does not remain abstract, but the prices of infrastructure, groceries, and public transportation determines who has access.

Lindsey Wikstrom, “An Immersive Catalog of Housing Systems”

Friction, by every conceivable definition of the word, was framed as one of modernity’s chief stumbling blocks; crossing paths were minimized and the household was managed with the efficiency of a machine, under the premise of convenience. In urban housing, the imposition of a central corridor catalyzed the fragmentation and erasure of shared spaces, operating on occupants as a physical space of control. Therefore, encounters in the street, the elevator, the lobby, and the mail room take on the same socially and politically neutral character that the corridor imposes on the freestanding house. In these architectural conditions, privacy is traditionally thought to be activated at the moment the apartment door closes, where the household was thought to be defined by a solid line. This logic of organizing people as families or units, stripped living environments of a long-held potential for chance encounter. [3] In the end, designing housing as rooms for individuals or groups of people would mean rejecting the view of the city as a series of nuclear families.

What is the social and political meaning of housing in an age of instant information? Wireless devices are also unaware of the contrast between private and public. The pervasiveness of virtual connectivity has made the apartment porous, transforming it into a multiplex with a dotted line boundary. Continuous discourse and upward mobility are essential ingredients to a productive society; and are less supported in the physical and more fulfilled by the virtual. With continuous virtual porosity in the private family apartment, is the binary, family or nonfamily, too socially and culturally restrictive? How can the architecture of housing serve the physical and virtual spaces of interaction?

Is real estate speculation the only way to bring about the production of housing? Variations of occupation emerge from simple sets of relationships. The proposal to catalog this architecture will collect spaces where seriality is intentionally rejected in favor of resiliency, whether social or ecological, sustaining a potential for complexity. The catalog will focus on forms of housing that challenge social, economic, and environmental pressure; where the architectural ethnography of places becomes a dense convergence of markets, demand, and social vitality. Urban housing is a system, not an object. Maintenance, price, and perception have immense effects on energy consumption, security, and sustainability, but also on citizenship.

In 2015, the United Nations released their first 360 panoramic film, Clouds Over Sidra, showing the everyday life of a twelve-year-old Syrian refugee. To better understand the larger pressures on occupation, architecture will be cataloged and disseminated as an empathetic experience. To create a publication that can be viewed by all, the mechanical infrastructure, natural systems, individuals, cultural habits, and space will be captured and formatted using spherical panoramic photography and mapping. As a personal experience, immersive representation has the potential to communicate the greater web of events behind urban housing forms; architecture that has generated productive public space at many scales; spaces that remain less surveilled and provide anonymity, where desire is disconnected from imperatives of consumption, where architecture reintroduces agency, friction, and choice, and steps away from a standardization of experience. [4]

Notes

[1] Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1958), 28–38.

[2] Webster’s New International Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. “occupy."

[3] The United States census defines housing units according to household, which is then divided into two categories: family and nonfamily. Families are determined by birth, marriage, or adoption, and nonfamilies as a single person living alone or exclusively with nonrelated others.

[4] Jonathan Crary, 24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep (New York: Verso, 2013), 70.

Thalmatt I, common entry, by Atelier 5. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom thalmatt I atelier 5

Espaces Abraxas, courtyard, by Ricard Bofill. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom espaces abraxas courtyard ricard bofill

Qingxing Tulou, kitchen. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom qingxing lou

Reversible Destiny Lofts, kitchen, by Shusaku Arakawa & Madeline Gins. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom reversible destiny lofts arakawa gins

Paimio Sanitorium, dining hall, by Alvar and Aino Aalto. © Lindsey Wikstrom.

Somf travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom paimio sanitorium alvar aino aalto

Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland

China and Japan

Somf 2016 travel fellowship lindsey wikstrom headshot

Lindsey Wikstrom
Columbia University
Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation

Lindsey Wikstrom

received her Master of Architecture Degree in May 2016 from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation where she was awarded the Charles McKim Prize for Excellence in Design, a Visualization Award for innovative use of immersive media, and the Avery 6 Award presented by her peers for work that questions the standards of architecture and promises to change the profession. She also holds a Bachelor of Science in Architecture Degree from Arizona State University, received in May 2010. Wikstrom has worked in multiple architecture firms before cofounding LeeLABS, a company in Brooklyn, NY where she is based. What began as an effort to synthesize digital tools typically used in architecture, mass customization, and traditional methods of making, grew into a practice of understanding and representing the impacts of design at global and local scales. For the last two years, she has worked with architects, activists, scholars, and educators in a coalition called Who Builds Your Architecture?, examining the links between labor, architecture, and the global networks that form around building buildings. In 2015, she participated in a workshop in Shenzhen interrogating the future of urban development in rural areas, where she presented her findings at the International Low Carbon City Forum. Her passion for research and teaching as it relates to architecture has brought her again to Shenzhen where she is now coteaching a workshop focused on mapping social activation in unmapped urban villages.

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